Abstract
In this work, we describe the CRIMSON (CardiovasculaR Integrated Modelling and SimulatiON) software environment. CRIMSON provides a powerful, customizable and user-friendly system for performing three-dimensional and reduced-order computational haemodynamics studies via a pipeline which involves: 1) segmenting vascular structures from medical images; 2) constructing analytic arterial and venous geometric models; 3) performing finite element mesh generation; 4) designing, and 5) applying boundary conditions; 6) running incompressible Navier-Stokes simulations of blood flow with fluid-structure interaction capabilities; and 7) post-processing and visualizing the results, including velocity, pressure and wall shear stress fields. A key aim of CRIMSON is to create a software environment that makes powerful computational haemodynamics tools accessible to a wide audience, including clinicians and students, both within our research laboratories and throughout the community. The overall philosophy is to leverage best-in-class open source standards for medical image processing, parallel flow computation, geometric solid modelling, data assimilation, and mesh generation. It is actively used by researchers in Europe, North and South America, Asia, and Australia. It has been applied to numerous clinical problems; we illustrate applications of CRIMSON to real-world problems using examples ranging from pre-operative surgical planning to medical device design optimization.
Highlights
One of the revolutionary successes of twentieth century in applied mathematics is the development of the finite element method (FEM) into a reliable engineering tool
We provide the first full presentation in the literature of CRIMSON, the Cardiovascular Integrated Modelling and Simulation Package
CRIMSON consists of a graphical user interface desktop computer program for creating geometric models of blood vessels from medical imaging scans, specifying parameters such as the stiffness of the artery walls, the resistance of connected vessels which are not visible on the scans, and determining the appropriate parameters for all aspects of the model
Summary
One of the revolutionary successes of twentieth century in applied mathematics is the development of the finite element method (FEM) into a reliable engineering tool It is routinely deployed by practitioners in fields where the problems of interest are described by systems of partial differential equations (PDEs). FEM is applied to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in patient-specific vascular geometries This enables analysis of clinically-relevant blood flow phenomena including the impact of the geometry, vascular wall properties, or prospective surgical decisions on blood pressure, wall shear stress, and mass (e.g. protein or drug) transport. These capabilities support the key applications of surgical planning, patient diagnosis, medical device design and optimisation, and basic cardiovascular disease research.
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