Abstract
This paper is focused on two main topics: crime scene reconstruction, based on a geomatic approach, and crime scene analysis, through GIS based procedures. According to the experience of the authors in performing forensic analysis for real cases, the aforesaid topics will be examined with the specific goal of verifying the relationship of human walk paths at a crime scene with blood patterns on the floor. In order to perform such analyses, the availability of pictures taken by first aiders is mandatory, since they provide information about the crime scene before items are moved or interfered with. Generally, those pictures are affected by large geometric distortions, thus - after a brief description of the geomatic techniques suitable for the acquisition of reference data (total station surveying, photogrammetry and laser scanning) - it will be shown the developed methodology, based on photogrammetric algorithms, aimed at calibrating, georeferencing and mosaicking the available images acquired on the scene. The crime scene analysis is based on a collection of GIS functionalities for simulating human walk movements and creating a statistically significant sample. The developed GIS software component will be described in detail, showing how the analysis of this statistical sample of simulated human walks allows to rigorously define the probability of performing a certain walk path without touching the bloodstains on the floor.
Highlights
The accurate recording of crime scene details is crucial for several reasons: first of all, it will provide investigators with information which they may not otherwise have knowledge of and, it will assist the court in reconstructing the scene [6]
In order to correctly define the methodology to be used for the mapping of a crime scene using non metric images, the following considerations have to be taken into account: 1. The goal is to analyze possible walk paths on the crime scene according to the bloodstain pattern on the floor; 2
Often the viewing direction is not plumbed to the floor, the images are affected by large geometric distortions induced by the perspective; 4
Summary
The accurate recording of crime scene details is crucial for several reasons: first of all, it will provide investigators with information which they may not otherwise have knowledge of and, it will assist the court in reconstructing the scene [6]. This paper deals with crime scene mapping techniques based on a geomatic approach and the subsequent crime scene analysis through GIS based procedures. The described crime scene reconstruction refers to a real experience, but since the investigation phase is still ongoing, clear references to the fact cannot be provided ( all the pictures, figures and results will be made anonymous for legal issues)
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