Crime control effects of a police substation within a business improvement district: A quasi‐experimental synthetic control evaluation

Abstract

Research SummaryThe current study analyzes the crime reduction effect of a police substation operating within a business improvement district in Newark, New Jersey. Synthetic control methods were used to create a control group that was statistically equivalent to the cumulative street units in the target area. Significant reductions of burglary and motor vehicle theft were observed in the target area as compared with a synthetic control area over the postintervention period. Robbery and theft from auto, conversely, suffered from spatial displacement. Of the six police actions included in the process evaluation, quality‐of‐life summonses and directed patrols increased in the postintervention period, whereas parking summonses significantly decreased.Policy ImplicationsThe results of this study suggest that the effect of substations on crime likely depends on certain contextual factors. Newark's substation was not a stand‐alone facility, but the headquarters of a police unit given jurisdiction over the target area. Therefore, the opening of the substation represented an increase in visible police presence. The effect of the substation was heightened when accompanied by increases in proactive policing activities. Agencies wishing to effectively address robbery and theft from auto may have to design substation strategies in a manner that better influences offender decision‐making to prevent displacement.