Abstract
All crimes in Russia are identified by the Federal Criminal Code of 1996. In 2012 the registered crime rate per capita was 1,608 per 100,000, which ranks Russia in the 50th place among other countries in the world. Leading registered crimes include theft, drug‐related crimes, and fraud offences. Recorded Russian crime rates spiked during the transitional period ofperestroikabut started to decline after 2007. Following the dynamics of crime rates, Russia also experienced increase in the number of registered offenders and convicted persons during 1990–2007. In spite of recent decreases in crime and offenders, there is a continuous problem of growing repeat, female, and immigrant offenders. Homelessness, alcohol intoxication, and lack of stable employment also play an important role in explaining crime in Russia. Despite the country's effort to decrease custodial sentencing, its prison population is among the top ten in the world. Russia is also one of the top three countries in terms of female and pretrial imprisonment populations.
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