CRGD-modified hybrid lipopolymeric nanoplexes for gene editing in the posterior segment of the eye

Abstract

Eye-related diseases, specifically retinal dystrophy (RD) conditions, are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Gene addition, regulation, or editing could potentially treat such diseases through gene expression regulation. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is one of the most prominent and precise gene editing tools which could be employed to edit genes related to the dystrophic condition. However, CRISPR/Cas9 faces in vivo delivery challenges due to its high molecular weight, negative charge, prone to degradation in the presence of nucleases and proteases, poor cellular degradation, etc., which makes it challenging to adopt for therapeutic applications. We developed cRGD-modified lipopolymeric nanoplexes loaded with Cas9 RNPs with a particle size and zeta potential of 175 ± 20 nm and 2.15 ± 0.9 mV, respectively. The cRGD-modified lipopolymeric nanoplexes were stable for 194 h and able to transfect >70 % ARPE-19 and NIH3T3 cells with an Indel frequency of ~40 % for the VEGF-A gene. The cRGD-modified lipopolymeric nanoplexes found good vitreous mobility and could transfection retinal cells in vivo after 48 h of intravitreal injection in Wistar Rats. Moreover, in vivo VEGFA gene editing was ~10 % with minimal toxicities. Collectively, the cRGD-modified lipopolymeric nanoplexes were found to have extreme potential in delivering CRISPR/Cas9 RNPs payload to the retinal tissues for therapeutic applications.