Crete and Italy in the Late Bronze Age III Period

Abstract

The connections between Crete and Italy in the Late Bronze Age III period have long been disregarded. This article attempts to correct the situation. Given the finds we have at present, Minoan metals appear to have played no major role in Italy, while Italian metal objects were desired by Cretans. Two major areas with pottery-Scoglio del Tonno and Sardinia-are given closer study, because they were probably once important emporia and they have rich ceramic material. In both areas the presence of Minoan pottery can be demonstrated, and the products of the local Kydonian workshop of West Crete are identified on Sardinia. Taken with the Italian pottery found on Crete, it is clear that interconnections existed between the two areas. Crete offered luxury goods in exchange for needed raw materials, mainly European and Sardinian metals and some finished products. The problem of connections between the Aegean and Italy in the Late Bronze Age has been part of the debate about European-Aegean interaction since its beginning, because Mycenaean sherds were found in southern Italy early in this century. This ceramic material was thought useful in establishing early Italian chronology and that of Europe in general, where Mycenaean pottery is not represented. The Aegean presence in Italy has been assessed by Taylour, and more recently by Biancofiore and Vagnetti.' Bronzes have also figured in the discussion, although they occur in smaller numbers and the types are limited in variety.