Abstract
PROBABLY the best known occurrence of fossil manganese nodules closely resembling deep-sea nodules of modern oceans are those of western Timor1. They occur with micronodules in a red clay similar to recent deep-sea red clays2. Their chemistry and physical characters provide the basis for thinking that these nodules, micronodules and the red clay matrix were originally deposited on the deep-sea floor of a Cretaceous ocean1–4. Two questions arise: How did this portion of ocean floor sediments arrive at its present position on Timor now about 480 m above sea level, and what are the stratigraphical and tectonic relationships between these deep-sea deposits of western Timor and the Cretaceous and Eocene ferromanganiferous nodules and crusts of eastern Timor3 that resemble deposits forming at the continental margins of modern oceans and in shallower seas?
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