Credit to the community: community reinvestment and fair lending policy in the United States

Abstract

1. Introduction 2. The Visible Hand of Government in U.S. Credit Markets 3. Discrimination, Redlining, and Financial Restructuring in Business Credit Markets 4. A Brief History of Mortgage Lending Discrimination and Redlining 5. From Fair Access to Credit to Access to Fair Credit 6. Mobilizing for Credit: Community Activism, Policy Adoption, and Implementation through 1987 7. Community Reinvestment from 1988 through the End of the Twentieth Century: Struggles for Bank and Regulator Accountability 8. The Predatory Lending Policy Debate 9. CRA and Fair Lending Policy in the Twenty-First Century