Abstract
Nowadays society and economics cannot exist without using credit. Although credit relationships are the most developed legitimate categories of legal science, their history and theories aren't explored enough. Consequently, our research aims at reviewing credit as a necessary economic tool created by man. In the course or the research we considered some thoughts of various scholars and economists on the definition, and also nature, position and evolution theories of credit. Secondly, we distinguished naturalistic and capital-accumulation theories of credit. Thirdly we described a new peer-to-peer (P2P) crediting. Finally, we showed how the state guaranteed debt of Ukraine changed. As a result of the research we have made several conclusions. Firstly, the most suitable definition of credit is a certain amount of money that is available for use for a specified period and at certain interest rate. Secondly, naturalistic theory of credit includes several positions such as the role of credit consists in redistribution of wealth in society, loan capital is in material form, object of credit is capital, banks are intermediaries of credit, passive operations of banks are primary and active operations of banks are secondary. Capital-accumulation theory of credit as opposed to naturalistic theory has such positions as credit and money are capital, it means that if credit will increase then capital will increase too, banks aren't mediators at crediting, active operations of banks are primary and passive operations of banks are secondary. Thirdly that P2P crediting is very useful and helpful especially for small and medium-sized businesses. Analysis of Technavio company concluded that P2P crediting would increase 53 % per year from 2016 to 2020. Technavio explores new trends of market in order to help enterprises identify market opportunities and develop effective strategies to optimize their market position. Its customers are companies of all sizes, including many from the list of Fortune Global 500. Fortune Global 500 – rating of 500 largest global companies. Fourth the largest creditor in 2016 is still the IMF (International Monetary Fund). From IMF at this year Ukraine wants to get $ 5.8 billion. Thus, our study is useful for better understanding what iscredit. As it allows us to see the dynamics of growth of state debt Ukraine.
Highlights
Проаналізовано погляди різних науковців та економістів на визначення поняття кредит
In the course or the research we considered some thoughts of various scholars and economists on the definition, and nature, position and evolution theories of credit
Analysis of "Technavio" company concluded that P2P crediting would increase 53 % per year from 2016 to 2020
Summary
Проаналізовано погляди різних науковців та економістів на визначення поняття кредит. Також досліджено сутність, положення та еволюцію теорій кредиту. Розглянуто кредит як потрібний економічний інструмент, який створила людина, оскільки на сьогодні існує дві теорії кредиту: натуралістична та капіталотворча. Завдання дослідження: дослідити поняття кредиту, його сутність, формування і розвиток теорій кредиту, різні погляди економістів, сучасний інструмент P2P кредитування, прогноз аналітиків, кредитний борг України. А кредит вторинним А.Сміт і Д.Рікардо впустили зворотний вплив кредиту на виробництво. Основоположником капіталотворчої теорії кредиту був англійський економіст Джон Ло. Що кредит задіє вільні економічні ресурси країни, чим покращить економічний стан країни, а банки вже самі будуть створювати капітал. Він на противагу Ло зрозумів, що не можна без кінця збільшувати капітал за рахунок кредиту, що це може привести банки до поганих наслідків. Деякі банки України також почали використовувати інструмент P2P кредитування, пропонуючи вищу дохідність (у середньому +5% річних від базових ставок за вкладами). Сума державного та гарантованого державою боргу 473185,18 515510,83 584786,57 1100833,22 1572180,16 1668132,04
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