CREATIVE PERSONALITY OF THE WRITER: PROJECTION ON PSYCHOGRAPHY

Abstract

The article is devoted to the consideration of the author’s concepts of the writer’s psychological organization (psychography). In the literary critique of the twentieth century, psychography as a method of differential psychology is established, which was proposed by the German scientist William Stern. Psychography involves the systematization of individual characteristics on a psychological basis, taking into account the uniqueness of the inner world of man and his biography. Based on the psychological understanding of individuality as a set of properties of different levels, psychology as a «description of the soul» involves the analysis of mental properties, and literary study of the psychological character of the writer is primarily directed to literary and domestic material. Understanding the personality of the writer as an organic unity of his psychological characteristics and literature as a product of his creative activity, the approach to its careful scientific examination falls within the framework of literary-psychological psychographic analysis. The basis for the analysis of this type should take psychological theory. The concepts of the writer’s psychography, proposed in his time in the psychoanalytic studies of Stepan Baley, Sigmund Freud, the characterological works of Alexander Lazursky, the psychopathological works of Karl Jaspers and Ernst Kretschmer, are consonant with the predestination of the psychological structure of the writer and his literary works — this is about the impact on the content of the artistic works, author’s style, creative potency and the creative process in general. In professional psychological works, the structuring of the writer’s inner world is one of the components of the problem of the psychology of the artist’s creativity, which is solved depending on the general guidelines of the representatives of the direction in which it is stated: classical psychoanalysis of the Freudian model, differential psychology, psychopathology. Such a professional reading of the personality of the writer by psychologists becomes a reliable methodological basis for conducting in the field of literary studies further scientific interpretation of the psychological and creative essence of the author.