Abstract
Acting, stand-up and dancing are creative, embodied performances that nonetheless follow a script. Unless experimental or improvised, the performers draw their movements from much the same stock of embodied schemas. A slavish following of the script leaves no room for creativity, but active interpretation of the script does. It is the choices one makes, of words and actions, that make a performance creative. In this theory and hypothesis article, we present a framework for performance and interpretation within robotic storytelling. The performance framework is built upon movement theory, and defines a taxonomy of basic schematic movements and the most important gesture types. For the interpretation framework, we hypothesise that emotionally-grounded choices can inform acts of metaphor and blending, to elevate a scripted performance into a creative one. Theory and hypothesis are each grounded in empirical research, and aim to provide resources for other robotic studies of the creative use of movement and gestures.
Highlights
Embodied performances on a stage often start with a script
This framework is evaluated in a storytelling setting, it is applicable in different contexts of choreographed robotic interaction
Robots can make use of a variety of different modalities, each of which has been studied in different contexts: gaze (Mutlu et al, 2012; Andrist et al, 2014), facial expression (Reyes et al, 2019; Ritschel et al, 2019), voice (Niculescu et al, 2013), gesture (Pelachaud et al, 2010; Ham et al, 2011) and movement (Shamsuddin et al, 2011)
Summary
Embodied performances on a stage often start with a script. Performers can slavishly follow this script, like a computer executing a computer program, or they can interpret its directives as they see fit. Our embodied actors are robots, not humans, they aim to move, pose and gesture much as humans do The tales they tell are not spun by a human, but generated by a machine in an act of computational creativity. We Creative Action at a Distance explore here how interpretation is infused with emotionallygrounded choice to appreciate and to achieve embodied creativity in a system for performing machine-generated stories. This framework is evaluated in a storytelling setting, it is applicable in different contexts of choreographed robotic interaction. We conclude by outlining the advantages of this framework for robotic performance
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