Abstract
The goal until the last day was to create a new sort with high indicators of productivity, adaptability and quality of grain on the basis of the directed selection process and comprehensive study of hybrid material on field and laboratory estimations.
 Creation of initial material with high productivity, adaptability and grain quality by directed selection and hybrid material comprehensive study is described. General scientific, special genetic, field, laboratory methods, morphological analysis and statistical methods were used in the research. Given that the weight of grain from 1 ear is a marker in breeding for high yield (r=0.53), the largest (50 %) positive transgressions were in F1 hybrids using new genetic plasma varieties. Among hybrid populations F2, F3 and F4, selection value is represented by hybrid populations 4971 and 4976, which have the lowest stress resistance (–16.1, –18.6) and variation (16.9, 19.9) and the highest genetic stability (50.0, 50.2) and homeostaticity (19.1, 14.3), respectively. Among Control, Preliminary and Competitive tests, lines UK2621/18 and UK9855/18 have high stress resistance (–4.7, –5.8), homeostaticity (1416.0, 1008.0) and low variability (2.6 %, 3.5 %), respectively. They are the most adaptive and malleable to average and adverse environmental conditions. Line UK1182/17, which in 2020 was submitted for consideration to the State variety testing as "Blahovishchenska" (Kiev, Ukraine), was created using the purposeful method of pedigree in each link of selection. It has high adaptability, resistance to lodging, major diseases, high average yield (90.8 c/ha), and grain quality – it is strong wheat (protein amount 13.5–14.0 %, gluten – 30–35 %). Pedigree is the most effective method of continuous individual selection, which allows creating source material with high productivity, resistance to disease and adverse environmental factors
Highlights
Even 20–30 years ago, the yield of winter wheat at the level of 100 c/ha was considered unattainable, and today it is a reality
Scientifically sound methods of crop formation management make it possible to increase the degree of realization of the biological potential of zoned and promising varieties of winter wheat from 25–30 % to 59–60 %
The analysis of climate data of Ukraine for the last 10 years showed that the yield of winter wheat was lower than the average efficiency of the climatic potential of 0.2–0.5 in a large area of Ukraine (Central and Eastern Forest-Steppe)
Summary
Even 20–30 years ago, the yield of winter wheat at the level of 100 c/ha was considered unattainable, and today it is a reality. Potential yield of winter wheat is the maximum possible, which is determined by the biological and genetic capabilities of the plant and the efficiency of photosynthetic active radiation in the Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones is 160–200 c/ha according to [2, 3]. Scientifically sound methods of crop formation management make it possible to increase the degree of realization of the biological potential of zoned and promising varieties of winter wheat from 25–30 % to 59–60 %. Weather factors affect yield fluctuations over the years up to 45–50 % in each soil and climatic zone of Ukraine, which creates the preconditions for dual use of each hectare of crop [4, 5]. The importance of climate in fluctuations in yields is secondary and subordinates to anthropogenic strategy
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