Creation of new soft winter wheat varieties for cultivation in the conditions of the central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia

Abstract

Winter wheat is the most valuable agricultural crop, which occupies one of the first places in the balance of grain crops of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. Year after year, there is an increasing need to expand the production of grain products, which can be provided by varieties that give high and stable yields over the years. Creation of environmentally plastic varieties is a promising and popular direction of breeding work in recent years. The evaluation of samples in the breeding process for ecological plasticity and yield stability allows to identify varieties most adapted to growing conditions, as well as having high potential productivity. To identify the most valuable samples for the complex of economically useful traits a breeding evaluation of soft winter wheat promising lines obtained using source material of various ecological and geographical origin was carried out in the FSEI HE RSAU-MAA named after K.A. Timiryazev. As a result of the study, the most valuable sample 50h (Azotfixifuyushchaya x Moscovskaya 40) was selected in a competitive variety testing, which significantly exceeded the yield standard, and was also characterized by high grain quality and resistance to powdery mildew. This promising sample, which has high indicators for a complex of economically valuable traits, is planned to be transferred to the State variety testing. Variety samples were identified that showed high resistance to snow mold 32h (Sharada × Nemchinovskaya 24) and 52h (Nemchinovskaya 24× Zimorodok), which we recommend to use in further breeding for resistance to this disease.