Creation of a green forage chain and haylage making from annual feed crops in Yakutia

Abstract

The main branch of agriculture in Yakutia is animal husbandry. One of the urgent problems is the provision of livestock with feed. The basis for increasing the productivity of dairy cattle breeding is succulent and green feed. The main raw material for succulent and vitamin feed in Yakutia is the green mass of annual feed crops. The purpose of the research was to consider the creation of a green forage chain and the production of haylage from annual feed crops in Yakutia. The results of research on the creation of a green forage chain and the production of haylage from annual feed crops have been presented in the article. The research was carried out on the basis of the feed production laboratory of the Yakut Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture in 2019–2021. Data on the yield, nutritional value of annual feed crops for the production of haylage and the creation of the green forage chain have been given. In order to obtain nutritionally balanced feed, the optimal species composition of mixed crops for the green forage chain and haylage was determined, optimal sowing dates and the mode of use of annual crops were established. On permafrost meadow-chernozem soils for the production of haylage, it is recommended to cultivate a vetch-oat mixture with a seeding rate of components: vetch 1,2 million pcs./ha + oats 2,5 million pcs./ha, pea-oat mixture with a seeding rate of components: peas 0,8 million pcs./ha and oats 2,5 million pcs./ha of germinating seeds. On the green forage chain, we recommend the vetch-oat mixture (vetch 1,2 million pcs./ha + oats 2,5 million pcs./ha), rapeseed-oat (rapeseed 2,0 million pcs./ha + oats 1,5 million pcs./ha). Obtaining raw materials for the production of haylage from annual feed crops gave an economic effect for 1 rub. of costs 1,42–1,53 rub. of income, and for creating the green forage chain for 1 rub. of costs gave 1,19–1,50 rub. of income, depending on the timing of sowing.