Abstract
Integrated resource planning (IRP) helps utilities and state regulatory com missions assess consistently a variety of demand and supply resources to meet customer energy-service needs cost-effectively . Key characteristics of this planning paradigm include: (a) explicit consideration of energy-efficiency and load-management programs as alternatives to some power plants, (b) con sideration of environmental factors as well as direct economic costs, (c) public participation, and (d) analysis of the uncertainties and risks posed by different resource portfolios and by external factors . IRP differs from traditional utility planning in several ways, including the types of resources acquired, the owners of the resources, the organizations involved in planning, and the criteria for resource selection (Table 1). Refer ences 1-5 discuss IRP and its development . This paper reviews recent progress in IRP and identifies the need for
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