Abstract
Failures of nonprofit organizations can be used either retrospectively or prospectively. The retrospective approach to failure focuses on how to find and correct the causes of failure. On the other hand, the prospective approach emphasizes more forward-looking ways to benefit from failure and create a new opportunity. But prior studies on such both perspectives on failure have not specified how the two perspectives are materialized in the forms of strategic options in nonprofit organizations. This study used secondary and primary data of nonprofit management, and thereby found the drivers and types of the various strategies which are practiced based on the retrospective and prospective views on failure. The findings of this study are expected to provide some practical implications to those who want to come up with creative strategic options in the face of failures or challenges.
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