Abstract
Competition is a basic element of our society. It drives us to rise above previously perceived limitations, increases our engagement and makes the world more interesting. Competition rewards our existing skills and prompts us to identify and improve our weaker skills. In games, player engagement is achieved, at least in part, by providing him/her with competition at the right amount of difficulty. Achieving and maintaining this exact level of challenge is one of the most difficult tasks for a game designer. The use of Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment techniques allows the game to dynamically adjust the challenge according to player performance, therefore keeping him/her always on edge, immersed and fully active. New information can then be more easily acquired, which is especially important in Serious Games. This paper describes how DDA techniques were used to create two strategic, goal-oriented computer-controlled (CC) players in order to deliver a higher level of competitiveness for the user in Transform@, a Serious Game aimed at developing entrepreneurship skills. As a result, the strength of the computer controlled player increased by more than 100%. By developing a good strategy for the AI and using DDA the game includes now a powerful opponent which has increased the engagement level of the player.
Highlights
Serious Games strive to combine the entertainment aspect of a game with the improvement of knowledge, skills or competences [1,2]
This article presents how Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA) techniques were used to create two strategic, goal-oriented computer-controlled (CC) players in order to deliver a higher level of competitiveness for the user in Transform@, a Serious Game aimed at developing entrepreneurship skills, and the achieved results
33 of of 16 the DDA method looked for clusters in the case base to identify different groups of players and used method looked for clusters in the case base to identify different groups of players and used that to that to predict the skill level of a new player
Summary
Serious Games strive to combine the entertainment aspect of a game (so the player is having fun) with the improvement of knowledge, skills or competences [1,2]. The difficulty of the game challenge must be adjusted, in each moment, to the individual player, providing him/her with the right amount of challenge and maximizing his/her development. This article presents how DDA techniques were used to create two strategic, goal-oriented computer-controlled (CC) players in order to deliver a higher level of competitiveness for the user in Transform@, a Serious Game aimed at developing entrepreneurship skills, and the achieved results. To create a flexible interactive experience, which adjusts automatically to the player, different DDA systems can be used, while always bearing in mind the importance of decreasing the costs related to the development of adaptive games by using the most effective system for a specific game. In his review of DDA techniques, Zoahib presents the following classification of techniques [17]:
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