Abstract
The diet of dairy bulls contains little high-quality protein. This primarily affects the main indicators of feed growth and conversion. Poor-quality protein in the diet leads to excessive formation of ammonia in the rumen. Increased concentrations of ammonia, does not participate in the synthesis of microbial protein and is excreted in the urine, which is an energy-consuming process and negatively affects the gains. Ammonia has a toxic effect, when an excessive amount of it enters the bloodstream, where it causes hyperamonymy, and creates an additional load on the liver.
 Aims: The aim of the study is to create an optimal structure of the diet, in which the protein will be completely utilized by the rumen microbiota and animal protein will be reproduced on its basis to create the growth potential of fattening bulls. The development of this diet will allow creating a technology for fattening steers for meat that is economically profitable with a high proportion of healthy animals with high productivity.
 Methodology: The studies were conducted on calves of the Kholmogorsky breed raised in the VNIIFBIP vivarium, aged from 1.5 months to 14 months. At the age of 1.5 months, the animals were intensively accustomed to the introduction of concentrates and coarse feeds. Feeding with a milk substitute was carried out up to the age of 70 days with free access to mixed feed and hay.
 Results: During the study, the main factors responsible for the metabolic processes in bull calves were identified. The factors of digestibility in the rumen were studied. Physiological and biochemical parameters were established to assess the reduction of the risks of hyperammonemia. The use of concentrated feed against the background of strict proportional administration together with coarse feed with intensive cultivation and fattening of dairy bulls and the normal course of enzymatic processes in the rumen and throughout the body allows you to achieve an average daily increase of up to 1420 g by 14 months of age and reduce feed conversion.
 Conclusion: The results obtained make it possible to increase the productivity of fattening steers in regions with a large number of dairy cattle and the availability of concentrated feed.
Highlights
Productivity, disease resistance, as well as the programmed ability to reproduce, which have been planned on the basis of a complete identification of the animal’s genetic capabilities, are possible only when all the necessary nutrient, mineral, and biologically active substances are fed into the body and the energy demand is complete
In intensively growing bull calves as well as in cows, one of the factors limiting the intensity of the processes of biosynthesis of meat components is the amount of glucose and amino acids coming from the gastrointestinal tract to the metabolic pool [1; 2]
The result can be achieved if the attitude to the production of beef is as the production of by-products of animal husbandry with an average daily gain of 500–550 g and the delivery of bull calves to a meat-processing plant with a live weight of 330–350 kg, and as a highly efficient and profitable production [3,4,5]
Summary
Productivity, disease resistance, as well as the programmed ability to reproduce, which have been planned on the basis of a complete identification of the animal’s genetic capabilities, are possible only when all the necessary nutrient, mineral, and biologically active substances are fed into the body and the energy demand is complete. In intensively growing bull calves as well as in cows, one of the factors limiting the intensity of the processes of biosynthesis of meat components is the amount of glucose and amino acids coming from the gastrointestinal tract to the metabolic pool [1; 2]. Apart from that, the problem of the profitable beef production, and its quality should be solved. The result can be achieved if the attitude to the production of beef is as the production of by-products of animal husbandry with an average daily gain of 500–550 g and the delivery of bull calves to a meat-processing plant with a live weight of 330–350 kg, and as a highly efficient and profitable production [3,4,5]
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