Abstract
Climate change adaptation planning requires the integration of disciplines, stakeholders, different modelling approaches, treatment options, and scales of analysis. An integrated stepwise planning approach is a critical requirement for effective climate change adaptation in the context of small island developing states and coastal communities. To address this need, this paper reports on a systematic review of 116 research papers from an initial set of around 650 academic peer-reviewed papers. These papers were assessed and categorised based on their planning framework or the approach utilised, measured climate change impacts, employed methods and tools, and recommended adaptation strategies or options. This study identified three important dimensions of a fully integrated climate change adaptation planning process, namely, integration in assessment, integration in modelling, and integration in adaptive responses. Moreover, it resulted in the formulation of a novel multi-layered integrative climate change adaptation planning approach. Adopting this holistic and integrative approach is more likely to yield better climate change adaptation in planning outcomes over the long term.
Highlights
Climate change adaptation considering local to global scales as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) refers to activities that are aimed at adjusting to actual or expected climate and its effects [1]
Capability of addressing different needs according to the various characteristics of a region-specific, as well as other common adaptation considerations is an essential component of a high-quality adaptation plan [8]
While plan assessment frameworks have traditionally had some criteria that are focused on the planning process, the complexity of long-term climate change adaptation planning requires more evaluation emphasis on the design of the planning process, since plan performance can often not be evaluated until many decades after implementation [9]
Summary
Climate change adaptation considering local to global scales as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) refers to activities that are aimed at adjusting to actual or expected climate and its effects [1]. A well-designed climate change adaptation planning process and plan, combined with its successful implementation, will enhance local community wellbeing under a changing climate condition [4]. An assessment of the quality of a plan is complex and difficult which requires the consideration of some general and case-specific criteria [5,6]. The degree of success of a climate change adaptation plan requires an assessment criteria approach incorporating multiple factors, such as legitimacy, equity, and efficiency, as well as the unified capacity to adapt [7]. While plan assessment frameworks have traditionally had some criteria that are focused on the planning process, the complexity of long-term climate change adaptation planning requires more evaluation emphasis on the design of the planning process, since plan performance can often not be evaluated until many decades after implementation [9]
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