Creatine kinase increases the solubility and enzymatic activity of pyruvate kinase by means of diazymatic coupling

Abstract

Five separate methods, paper chromatography, ethanol solubility, pH dependence, enzymatic activity, and NMR saturation transfer, were used to study the coupling of pyruvate kinase (PK) and creatine kinase (CK). Each method demonstrated specific coupling of the two proteins. The coupling with CK showed that PK had increased ethanol solubility, enzymatic activity, pH-dependent aqueous solubility, and ability to receive ATP directly from CK even at very high (1.2 M) ionic strength at equilibrium conditions. The robustness of the coupling between two enzymes with highin vivo concentrations indicates the necessity for considering kinetic schemes utilizing high enzyme concentrations, as opposed to the dilute properties of Michaelis — Menten kinetics. The direct transfer of ATP from PK to CK constitutes a net transfer of the glycolytically produced high-energy phosphate onto creatine, maintaining a high ADP and low ATP concentration in the vicinity of the glycolytic complex, conditions suited to maintaining a high glycolytic flux. The demonstration of the physical and functional coupling of two soluble enzymes, termed diazymes, suggests that glycolysis may be regulated by diazymatic coupling and that other cellular processes could be regulated similarly.