Abstract
The aim of the present work was to review data on the involvement of creatine in cellular metabolism in nervous tissue. The questions discussed included the characteristics of the passage of creatine across the blood–brain barrier and expression of the creatine transporter. The mechanism of the protective effect of creatine in experimental models of cerebral ischemia is discussed. The action of creatine is shown to be linked with energy metabolism (formation of creatine phosphate) and inhibition of excitotoxicity. The antioxidant and antiapoptotic actions of creatine are assessed. The synthesis of compounds able to cross the blood–brain barrier without involvement of the transporter (CRT) resolves the problem of creatine delivery. The compounds with the greatest potential are creatine amides, which appear to be able to cross cell membranes using the amino acid transporter. The potential for the use of these compounds is evaluated.
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