Abstract
BackgroundThere are relatively few studies about the canine surgical stress response, a sequence of events orchestrated by the body in response to a surgical trauma which is sometimes, as shown in human surgery, deleterious to the patient. There is a need to identify objective markers to quantify this response in order to estimate tissue trauma and use the markers as potential early indicators of surgical complications. The study objective was to investigate the surgical stress response, measured by C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and iron serum concentrations, to gonadectomy in female dogs, and to compare the response to ovariohysterectomy (OHE) with the response to ovariectomy (OVE). A randomized clinical trial was performed on a sample of 42 female dogs, which were divided into two groups: one group underwent OHE, the other OVE.ResultsBlood samples were collected immediately before surgery (T0), and at 1 (T1), 6 (T6), and 24 (T24) h after surgery, and serum frozen and stored at − 80 °C for later analysis. Upon thawing, the serum samples were subjected to measurement of CRP, glucose and iron concentration. Seventeen dogs in the OHE group and 19 dogs in the OVE group were included in the statistical analysis. There was a significant increase in glucose concentration at all time points compared with T0, and an increase of CRP at T6 and T24. Iron concentration was significantly decreased at T6 and T24. Differences between the two groups could not be detected for any of the three variables.ConclusionsThe study showed that both OHE and OVE induce a moderate surgical stress response in female dogs, measured by CRP, glucose and iron. A difference between the surgical techniques could not be detected for any of the variables, and hence; with regards to the parameters studied recommendations of one procedure over the other cannot be made and preferred technique remains the surgeon’s choice.
Highlights
There are relatively few studies about the canine surgical stress response, a sequence of events orches‐ trated by the body in response to a surgical trauma which is sometimes, as shown in human surgery, deleterious to the patient
Based on the observed correlations, an exchangeable correlation structure between time points was assumed for glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP), and a first-order autoregressive for iron concentration
The reported effects of treatment group and time are based on output from the three regression models for CRP, glucose and iron
Summary
There are relatively few studies about the canine surgical stress response, a sequence of events orches‐ trated by the body in response to a surgical trauma which is sometimes, as shown in human surgery, deleterious to the patient. The study objective was to investigate the surgical stress response, measured by C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and iron serum concentrations, to gonadec‐ tomy in female dogs, and to compare the response to ovariohysterectomy (OHE) with the response to ovariectomy (OVE). The stress response to surgery involves an array of physiological events in the body, including endocrinological, immunological, and hematological alterations leading to a catabolic state [1, 2] Even though these functions are beneficial in the acute survival situation, this response may have negative effects on homeostasis and tissue healing [3]. CRP is an acute phase protein and a sensitive marker of inflammation [15,16,17], and can be used to quantify the inflammatory response to different surgical procedures in dogs [14] Glucose is another biomarker commonly used to measure the stress response to surgery. Hypoferremia is commonly seen after surgically induced inflammation in humans and is related to the extent of surgery [20]; information about iron concentration after surgery in dogs is scarce
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