CRC Handbook of the Zoology of Amphistomes

Abstract

Morphology of the Amphistomes. Designation and Scope of Amphistomes. Techniques for Studies of Adult Amphistomes. General Appearance of the Amphistomes. Body Shape and Size. Body Surface. Tegumental Papillae. Organ Systems. Digestive System. Reproductive System. Male Genital Organs. Female Genital Organs. Excretory System. Lymphatic System. Nervous System. Histo-Morphology of the Muscular Organs. Pharynx and Keys to Their Types. Types of the Pharynx with Two Intramural Primary Pharyngeal Sacs. Types of the Pharynx with Two Extramural Primary Pharyngeal Sacs. Type of the Pharynx with Unpaired Primary Pharyngeal Sac. Types of the Pharynx with Pharyngeal Bulb and Secondary Pharyngeal Sacs. Types of Pharynx without Pharyngeal Bulb and Secondary Pharyngeal Sacs. Terminal Genitalium and Keys to Their Types. Types of the Terminal Genitalium with True Or Modified Cirrus-Sac. Types of the Terminal Genitalium with Hermaphroditic Pouch. Types of the Terminal Genitalium without Cirrus-Sac a nd Hermaphroditic Pouch and with Tegumental Papillae. Types of the Terminal Genitalium without Cirrus-Sac, Hermaphroditic Pouch and Tegumental Papillae. Acetabulum and Keys to Their Types. Acetabulum of the Group I. Types of the Acetabulum of Group I. Acetabulum of the Group II. Types of the Acetabulum of Group II. Acetabulum of the Group III. Types of the Acetabulum of the Group III. Ecology of the Amphistomes. Life-History Pattern. Pre-Parasitic Stage. Intramolluscan Larval Stage. Sporocyst. Redia. Cercaria, Adolescaria. Life-Cycle in the Definitive Hosts. Intermediate Snail Hosts and Intermediate Host-Specificity. Scope of the Definitive Hosts and the Host-Specificity. Effects of the Worm-Burden on Definitive Hosts. Systematics of the Amphistomes. History of the Classification. Order Amphistomida. Heronimata. Zonocotylata. Paramphistomata. Cladorchoidea. Cladorchiidae. Diplodiscidae. Gastrodiscidae. Balanorchiidae. Brumptiidae. Paramphistomoidea. Zygocotylidae. Gastrothylacid ae. Paramphistomidae. Orthocoeliinae. Paramphistominae. Phylogenetic Relationships Among Amphistomes. Zoogeography of the Amphistomes. General Accounts. Co-Evolutionary Relationships. Distribution and Characterization of Amphistomes by Zoogeographical Realism. Palaearctic Realm. Nearctic Realm. Neotropical Realm. Africotropical Realm. Indomalyan Realm. Australian and Oceanic Realms. Dynamic Zoogeography of the Amphistomes. Evolution of Amphistomes. References.