Abstract
Hierarchical tubes have been proved to be excellent energy absorbers under axial compression. However, there are limited studies exploring their oblique crushing performance. Therefore, the oblique crushing characteristics of hierarchical tubes, bio-inspired hierarchical multi-cell square tubes (BHMS), hierarchical multi-cell square tubes (HMSA and HMSB), have been numerically studied. The influencing factors of loading angle and hierarchical order on deformation modes, force-displacement curves, and energy absorption (EA) behaviors were explored. It is found that BHMS tubes present the superior crushing performance among these hierarchical square tubes. Moreover, BHMS tubes display the excellent crushing characteristics in comparison with single square tubes. Specifically, the specific EA of BHMS-3 tubes is 213%, 212%, 66%, and 42% greater than that of single square tubes at loading angles of 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°. The findings demonstrate the priority of hierarchical square tubes under oblique crushing, and provide the reference and insight for the design of energy absorbers.
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