Abstract
Tissue specific mesenchymal stem cells are of great scientific interest across diverse fields in stem cell biology and medicine. Sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the craniomaxillofacial skeleton are numerous and are of significant interest to craniofacial and oral surgeons, among other medical and dental specialties. Mesenchymal stem cells are defined by their characteristic cell surface marker expression, multipotentiality and ability for self-renewal. Bone marrow derived MSC (BMSC) are most commonly studied, but are of low abundance in the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) skeleton. Alternative CMF sources of MSC are diverse and include dental pulpal stem cells (DPSC), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC), suture-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (SMC), gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC)and adipose-derived MSC (ASC). This brief review will introduce various MSC sources derived from the head and neck, along with a discussion of their identity, characteristics and results of preclinical studies in tissue engineering.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are best known for their isolation from bone marrow[1]
dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) have been shown to contribute to dentinlike tissue formation in vitro and bone repair in mandibular defects[11], showing promise in the field of hard-tissue engineering both for bone and dentin
DPSC identity and fate is regulated by dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), a precursor protein that is cleaved into Dentin sialoprotein and Phosphophoryn protein
Summary
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are best known for their isolation from bone marrow[1]. Bone marrow derived MSC (BMSC) are defined by their adherence to culture, ability for self-renewal, multipotency and cell surface marker expression[2]. These include dental pulp stem cells (DPSC)[4], periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC)[5], suture-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (SMC) [6] and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC)[7] (Figure 2). In addition to pulpal regeneration, DPSC have demonstrated the ability to form either bone or dentin-like tissue, depending on the model and context.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
