Abstract
Objectives To estimate the prevalence of craniofacial anomalies among Iraqi people and its association with other congenital malformations. Methods A hospital-based cohort study. It was conducted in Iraq, Fallujah city from Jan 2019-April 2019. The pediatric age group below 16 years attending the consultation clinic. Results The prevalence rate of craniofacial anomalies was 2%. There were 43 (54%) males and 37 (46%) females. A 55 cases (69%) out of total 80 cases have an association with other internal congenital malformations, and 25 cases (31%) have no association. Those associated internal malformations were categorized according to their types into congenital heart disease 33(60%), Renal diseases 9 (16%), CNS anomalies 8(15%), and GIT anomalies 5(9%). Conclusions Craniofacial anomalies showed a relatively higher prevalence rate in comparison to other studies worldwide. It was found that the majority of craniofacial anomalies might be associated with other congenital systemic malformations. Furthermore, the necessary actions to identify the frequency and risk factors associated with craniofacial anomalies in the Iraqi population are emphasized to put a better strategy to establish future preventive programs and treatment.
Highlights
Craniofacial anomalies (CFA) are important pediatrics health problems
There were (80) cases of children with craniofacial anomalies (CFA) collected at Al-Fallujah’s maternity and childhood teaching hospital, in Fallujah city. These 80 CFA cases were included in the statistical analysis of the study
The study results showed the approximate prevalence rate of the craniofacial anomalies in Iraq, in the western area of Iraq, which seems to be a little bit higher rate; it was found that 2% of the pediatric population might be born or later develop CFA of different types and degrees while the congenital anomalies prevalence rate reported by WHO in 2010 was between 2-3% in all babies, whereas the prevalence rate of CFA between 0.06-0.14% [1]
Summary
Craniofacial anomalies (CFA) are important pediatrics health problems. They are a major cause of infant mortality and childhood morbidity [1]. CFA primarily affected the cranium and facial bones and associated with the development of the pharyngeal arches [2]. These abnormalities are varied from mild to severe that might be life-threatening and need immediate surgical intervention [3]. Craniofacial syndromes can be divided into groups of categories like premature fusion of the cranial sutures (craniosynostosis) and those related to clefts malformation. The most common craniofacial anomalies in pediatrics: Crouzon, suture synostosis, microsomy, cephalic abnormalities, and midfacial clefts [4, 5]
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