Craniofacial and Oral Manifestations of Non-Syndromic Hypodontia: A Review

Khaled Khalaf,Mohamed El-Kishawi

doi:10.1055/s-0042-1742355

Khaled Khalaf, Mohamed El-Kishawi

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1742355

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Abstract

AbstractPatients with hypodontia appear to have a different craniofacial morphology as compared with controls. They tend to have more class III skeletal pattern and retroclined upper and lower soft tissue lips as a consequence of retroclined upper and lower incisors. These features are more pronounced as the severity of the hypodontia increases. In addition to changes in craniofacial and soft tissue morphology, various dental anomalies are commonly associated with hypodontia such as microdontia of the remaining dentition, anomalies in tooth shape, particularly peg-shaped upper lateral incisors, smaller root dimensions of some of the permanent teeth, and decreased maxillary and mandibular dental arch widths and lengths measurements. Other dental anomalies which are seen in association with hypodontia are taurodontism of molars, retained deciduous molars, delayed development of the permanent teeth, distoangulation of the mandibular second premolar, and infraocclusion of the deciduous molars.

Highlights

Hypodontia is defined as the congenital absence of one or more primary or permanent teeth.[1]
In addition to changes in craniofacial and soft tissue morphology, various dental anomalies are commonly associated with hypodontia such as microdontia of the remaining dentition, anomalies in tooth shape, peg-shaped upper lateral incisors, smaller root dimensions of some of the permanent teeth, and decreased maxillary and mandibular dental arch widths and lengths measurements
Relevant papers addressing the association between dental anomalies, craniofacial morphology, and hypodontia were selected and included in this review to provide an insight into the influence of hypodontia on the skeletal structures and to identify the dental anomalies that can occur in association with hypodontia and complicate the management of those patients

Summary

Introduction

Hypodontia is defined as the congenital absence of one or more primary or permanent teeth.[1]. The most commonly affected teeth by hypodontia except the third molars are the mandibular second premolars followed by the maxillary lateral incisors, maxillary second premolars, mandibular central incisors, mandibular lateral incisors, maxillary first premolars, mandibular first premolars, maxillary canines, mandibular second molars, maxillary second molars, mandibular canines, maxillary first molars, mandibular first molars and lastly the maxillary central incisors[2] (►Fig. 1). This type of dental anomaly is more prevalent in females than males[3] which is contrary to the gender distribution in supernumerary teeth.[4,5]. It can influence the skeletal relationship and reduce the chewing ability.[10]

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