Cranial remains of Middle Pleistocene European hominids

Abstract

Cranial remains of the Middle Pleistocene European hominids are reviewed in a historical context. Swanscombe and Steinheim, the earliest specimens to be discovered, are compared with each other. Following this, the more recently discovered specimens from Vértesszöllös, Petralona and Bilzingsleben are compared. Finally, Riss remains from La Chaise, Biache and Arago are discussed in the context provided by the above specimens. It is suggested that while phyletic evolution may play a role in the observed differences, a marked degree of sexual dimorphism contributes to the variation expressed by these specimens.