Cranial Nerve VII Rehabilitation

Abstract

Jugular paragangliomas (JPs) arise from the paraganglion cells located within the adventitia of the jugular bulb [1]. Although typically slow growing and histologically benign, JPs commonly invade the middle ear, mastoid, and neural compartment of the jugular foramen, thereby causing facial nerve and lower cranial nerve (IX, X, XI, XII) deficits. Furthermore, operative intervention and radiotherapy may also result in cranial nerve deficits, and it is important to be aware of and manage cranial nerve injury to minimize their clinical impact on the patient.