Abstract

New formulations of the Cramer–Rao bounds for vector sensors are presented. They have the following advantages compared to previous expressions: (i) the formulation is simple and easy to evaluate involving the calculation of just three terms, (ii) arbitrary Green’s functions connecting source and observer can be used instead of plane waves, (iii) correlated noise vice white noise is easily introduced permitting the evaluation of the impact of interference, (iv) passive and active problems can be addressed, and (v) tomographic parameters can be introduced. In this presentation, these results are applied to source localization using towed arrays of vector sensors. Specific results include (i) the performance improvement of a vector array compared to a pressure array, (ii) comparison of vector arrays to twin line arrays, and (iii) the performance limits on a vector array to resolve right/left ambiguities and mitigate backlobe interference. [Work supported on ONR Code 321, Sonar Signal Processing.]

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