Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) stimulate immune cells from a wide spectrum of mammalian species. Class C CpG-ODN is relatively stable and has the combined immune effects of both A and B classes of CpG-ODN. Trypanosoma evansi produces the state of immuno-suppression in the infected hosts. The current chemotherapeutic agents against this parasite are limited in number and usually associated with severe side effects. The present work aimed to determine the immunostimulatory effects of CpG-ODN class C in T. evansi infected rabbits. Rabbits inoculated with CpG C and challenged with T. evansi resulted in delayed onset of clinical signs with reduced severity in comparison to that of T. evansi infected rabbits. The treatment also enhanced humoral immune responses. Histopathological findings in liver and spleen revealed enhancement of mononuclear cell infiltration and secondary B cell follicles. These results demonstrate that CpG-ODN class C, has immunostimulatory properties in rabbit model of trypanosomosis. The use of booster doses or sustained delivery of CpG-ODN will further elucidate the prolonged CpG-ODN generated immune responses.
Highlights
Non-methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) motifs present in viral and bacterial DNA are one of the pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognized by mammalian innate immune system [1]
Three distinct classes of synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) that differ in structure and function have been described [3,4].The class A ODN consists of phosphorothioate poly G sequences on both the 3’ and 5’ ends of a phosphodiester core containing CpG motifs [3]
The rabbits were inoculated with CpG-ODN C with the aim to boost the immune response and challenged with T. evansi to record the immunomodulatory effects of CpG-ODN against T. evansi
Summary
Non-methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) motifs present in viral and bacterial DNA are one of the pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognized by mammalian innate immune system [1] These unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) are recognized as a danger signal by the innate immune system of the vertebrates. Three distinct classes of synthetic CpG-ODNs that differ in structure and function have been described [3,4].The class A ODN consists of phosphorothioate poly G sequences on both the 3’ and 5’ ends of a phosphodiester core containing CpG motifs [3] This class of ODN is typically characterized by its ability to induce better in vitronatural killer (NK) activity and PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0127437. This class of ODN is typically characterized by its ability to induce better in vitronatural killer (NK) activity and PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0127437 June 3, 2015
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