Abstract
BackgroundMucosal-based immunotherapy has been already used as an alternative form of allergen delivery. In asthma, the poor success rate of immune modulation could be a consequence of inadequate immune modulation in the airways. Previously, we have found that subcutaneous (S.C) co-administration of a homemade allergenic extract from Chenopodium album (Ch.a) pollen and Guanine-Cytosine containing deoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) is effective to prevent the inflammatory responses in mouse. In this study we used CpG/Ch.a for immunotherapy of Ch.a-induced asthma and compared the intranasal (I.N) and S.C routes of administration concerning IFN-γ, IL-10 and total IgE responses.MethodsCh.a sensitized mice were treated intranasaly or subcutaneously using CpG and Ch.a. extract. IFN-γ, IL-10 and total IgE were measured in supernatant culture of splenocytes and bronchoalveolor lavage (BAL) fluids by ELISA. Student's t test was used in the analysis of the results obtained from the test and control mice.ResultsWe found that I.N administration of CpG/Ch.a in sensitized mice significantly increased the production of systemic and mucosal IFN-γ and IL-10 compared to phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Ch.a alone and control ODNs treated sensitized mice (P ≤ 0.001). On the other hand, S.C. route induced the systemic and mucosal IFN-γ in the lower levels than in I.N one, and failed to increase systemic IL-10 induction (P = 0.06). Total serum IgE in CpG/Ch.a treated mice in both routes showed significant decreases compared to three control groups (P ≤ 0.01). The amounts of IgE in BAL fluids were not measurable in all groups.ConclusionAccording to the results of this experiment we concluded that immunotherapy via the I.N co-administration of CpG/Ch.a in comparison with S.C route is more effective to stimulate the mucosal and regulatory responses in Ch.a induced asthma.
Highlights
Mucosal-based immunotherapy has been already used as an alternative form of allergen delivery
We found that IFN-γ and IL-10 were both increased in bronchoalveolor lavage (BAL) fluids and results demonstrated that independent to administration route, CpG/Ch.a treatment significantly increased the production of these cytokines (P ≤ 0.001)
And 1(d), the route of administration did not affect the production of cytokines in BAL fluids and no significant changes were shown in cytokine levels between either route of administration (P = 0.06)
Summary
Mucosal-based immunotherapy has been already used as an alternative form of allergen delivery. In this study we used CpG/Ch.a for immunotherapy of Ch.ainduced asthma and compared the intranasal (I.N) and S.C routes of administration concerning IFNγ, IL-10 and total IgE responses. Immunomodulatory agents and their applications in allergic diseases have become one of the most investigating subjects in recent years [1,2]. Because of their potentials in immune response deviations, CpG-ODNs are used to shift immune response toward Th1 and regulatory cytokine induction. We showed the preventive effects of CpG motifs administered with Ch.a extract at the sensitization stage [11,12]
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