Abstract
Abstract Cancer immunotherapy seeks to induce protective immune responses to tumor-associated antigens (TAA), thereby mediating the eradication of tumor cells. While whole tumor cells represent a comprehensive source of TAA (eliminating the need to identify individual Ags on tumors from different individuals), they tend to be poorly immunogenic. To address this concern, we covalently conjugated immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) onto apoptotic tumor cells and examined their ability to induce TAA-specific immune responses. Results show that CpG-conjugated tumor cell vaccines are highly immunogenic. CpG-conjugation enhances the uptake of target cell by DC, triggers the up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules, and promotes the production of immunomodulatory cytokines (such as IL-12). Vaccination with CpG-conjugated tumor cells stimulates the expansion of tumor-specific CTL that reduce the growth of established tumors. These results suggest that the adjuvant properties of CpG ODN can be harnessed to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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