Abstract
One of the major unresolved problems in current physics is understanding the origin of the observed asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the Universe. It has become a common lore to claim that the Standard Model of particle physics cannot produce sufficient asymmetry to explain the observation. Our results suggest that this conclusion can be alleviated in the so-called cold electroweak baryogenesis scenario. On the Standard Model side, we continue the program initiated by Smit eight years ago; one derives the effective CP-violating action for the Standard Model bosons and uses the resulting effective theory in numerical simulations. We address a disagreement between two previous computations performed effectively at zero temperature, and demonstrate that it is very important to include temperature effects properly. Our conclusion is that the cold electroweak baryogenesis scenario within the Standard Model is tightly constrained, yet producing enough baryon asymmetry using just known physics still seems possible.
Highlights
It is a matter of experimental evidence that the Universe is asymmetric, being composed mostly of matter and virtually no antimatter
The observed asymmetry might be merely spurious; the Universe could consist of large domains of matter or antimatter only and the total, overall baryon number would be zero
The most plausible explanation, both from the experimental and the theoretical point of view, is that the asymmetry arose as a result of nontrivial dynamics during the expansion of the Universe, the term baryogenesis
Summary
It is a matter of experimental evidence that the Universe is asymmetric, being composed mostly of matter and virtually no antimatter. The observed asymmetry might be merely spurious; the Universe could consist of large domains of matter or antimatter only and the total, overall baryon number would be zero. The asymmetry might be encoded in the initial conditions from which the Universe expanded. Both these scenarios are practically ruled out: the former by absence of observation of annihilation radiation coming from collisions of the matter and antimatter domains, the latter by the inflation paradigm. The most plausible explanation, both from the experimental and the theoretical point of view, is that the asymmetry arose as a result of nontrivial dynamics during the expansion of the Universe, the term baryogenesis
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