Abstract
In humans, C. burnetii infection is known as Q fever, in animals the term coxiellosis is considered more appropriate than animal Q fever. This is a worldwide distribution zoonosis caused by a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium of the order Legionellales, which has been classified as a potential bioterrorism agent. Cattle and small ruminants represent the most frequent sources of infection in humans, with inhalation of contaminated aerosols from infected animal products being the main form of transmission. The present study aims to perform a literature review on coxiellosis, evidence of C. burnetii circulating in animals and humans in Brazil and its close relationship to public health, due to its zoonotic nature, in addition to its economic importance for national livestock.
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