Abstract
This is a cross-sectional study to assess the presence of antibodies in ruminants against selected pathogens associated with reproductive disorders in cattle in four Brazilian states, including the zoonotic agent Coxiella burnetii. The used tests were Virus Neutralization Assay for IBR and BVD, Microscopic Agglutination Test for Leptospira spp., Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) for C. burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Neospora caninum and Trypanosoma vivax. Seropositivity for C. burnetii was 13.7% with titers from 128 to 131,072; 57.8% for BoHV-1, with titers between 2 and 1,024; 47.1% for BVDV-1a, with titers from 10 to 5,120; 89.2% for N. caninum; 50% for T. vivax; and 52.0% for Leptospira spp., with titers between 100 to 800 (the following serovars were found: Tarassovi, Grippotyphosa, Canicola, Copenhageni, Wolffi, Hardjo, Pomona and Icterohaemorrhagiae); 19.6% for T. gondii with titer of 40. This is the first study that has identified C. burnetii in cattle associated with BoHV and BVDV, N. caninum, Leptospira spp., T. gondii and T. vivax. Thus, future studies should be conducted to investigate how widespread this pathogen is in Brazilian cattle herds.
Highlights
Both Brazilian beef and dairy cattle production are prominent in economic scenario worldwide
Infectious-parasitic agents associated with reproductive disorders in ruminants include Coxiella burnetii, Bovine Herpesvirus (BoHV) and bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus, Neospora caninum (KIRKBRIDE, 1992), Leptospira spp., (MURRAY, 1990), Toxoplasma gondii (BÁRTOVÁ et al, 2009) and Trypanosoma vivax (SILVA et al, 1996, 1998)
Antibodies for C. burnetii were found in two animals in the state of Goiás (10%, 2/20), four animals in the state of São Paulo (12.5% 4/32), seven animals in the state of Minas Gerais (17.9%, 7/40) and only one animal in Mato Grosso do Sul (10%, 1/10)
Summary
Both Brazilian beef and dairy cattle production are prominent in economic scenario worldwide. A Gram-negative obligatory intracellular bacterium (VAN SCHAIK et al, 2013; ABDEL-MOEIN & HAMZA, 2017), was reported for the first time in 1930 and has been detected worldwide ever since, except in New Zealand (MAURIN & RAOULT, 1999; ELDIN et al, 2017). This parasite is the zoonotic agent that causes Q fever (MAURIN & RAOULT, 1999). The main route of infection for humans is via aerosols (MAURIN & RAOULT, 1999; PARKER et al, 2006; TISSOT‐DUPONT & RAOULT, 2008), ingestion of contaminated food and infected ticks may represent alternative routes of transmission of the parasite (ELDIN et al, 2017)
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