Abstract
Omics-based technologies have been largely adopted during this unprecedented global COVID-19 pandemic, allowing the scientific community to perform research on a large scale to understand the pathobiology of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its replication into human cells. The application of omics techniques has been addressed to every level of application, from the detection of mutations, methods of diagnosis or monitoring, drug target discovery, and vaccine generation, to the basic definition of the pathophysiological processes and the biochemical mechanisms behind the infection and spread of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the term COVIDomics wants to include those efforts provided by omics-scale investigations with application to the current COVID-19 research. This review summarizes the diverse pieces of knowledge acquired with the application of COVIDomics techniques, with the main focus on proteomics and metabolomics studies, in order to capture a common signature in terms of proteins, metabolites, and pathways dysregulated in COVID-19 disease. Exploring the multiomics perspective and the concurrent data integration may provide new suitable therapeutic solutions to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
Highlights
Considering lung involvement as the main feature of acute damage of SARSCoV-2 infection, the proteomic and metabolomic analyses of Yang et al [86] performed on the serum of COVID-19 patients with pulmonary fibrosis disclosed proteins involved in the immune system, cell adhesion, and glycosaminoglycan degradation, and many metabolites involved in the PPAR signaling pathway, D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, TRP-inflammatory pathways, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism
During the current COVID-19 pandemic, unprecedented efforts have been made by the scientific community to dissect the molecular bases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, spreading, and pathogenicity
Omics scientists deserved particular merits for performing several proteomics- and metabolomics-based investigations, and integrative multiomics analyses, using samples derived from patients
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. In the actual context of the world coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, scientists and researchers worldwide have made significant efforts to unravel the clinical and molecular aspects regarding the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Classification of COVID-19 disease can be made according to the clinical characteristics of patients (Figure 1). According to the high variability and heterogeneity of symptoms and comorbidities [6], patients can be categorized as symptomatic or asymptomatic, and a crescent grade of severity is usually referred to as mild, moderate, or severe. 2022, 23, 2414 ment and management of COVID‐19 disease, based on an ordinal scale to categorize pa‐. Of COVID-19 disease, on manifestations an ordinal scale[8].
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