Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the attitudes, perceptions, and experiences of side effects with the COVID-19 vaccines in Malaysia among participants in the National Vaccination Program. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of vaccine-eligible and vaccinated individuals in Malaysia between May and July 2021. A total of 428 respondents completed the survey. A vast majority (98.6%) of the respondents had registered to be vaccinated. Twenty participants (4.7%) expressed concerns about either registering or receiving the COVID-19 vaccination, mainly due to their uncertainty of vaccine safety. Approximately 77.5% received their vaccinations. Of them, 76.8% had experienced vaccine-related side effects. About 40% of the side effects occurred more with the second dose, particularly those who received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (p < 0.001). Pain at the injection site (61.1%) and tiredness (48.8%) were the most reported side effects. Compared to those aged ≥60 years, all age groups were more likely to exhibit vaccine-related side effects; meanwhile, males (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27–0.93) were less likely to experience side effects than females. Those who received the Sinovac vaccine were at lower risk of experiencing side effects (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03–0.22) and were more likely to report fewer side effects than Pfizer-BioNTech (p = 0.012) and Oxford-AstraZeneca groups (p= 0.001). The overall attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccination program were positive. Several differences in the experiences of vaccine-related side effects, in terms of prevalence and numbers, were attributed to age, gender, and received vaccine type.
Highlights
Global efforts to face coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) rely primarily on the preventive measures implied by individuals to decrease the likelihood of infection transmission [1]
2.8% of respondents had been diagnosed with COVID-19 infection before the vaccine availability
The results showed that males, older individuals (≥60 years), and those receiving the Sinovac (CoronaVac®) vaccine were less likely to experience side effects
Summary
Global efforts to face coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) rely primarily on the preventive measures implied by individuals to decrease the likelihood of infection transmission [1]. The role of COVID-19 vaccinations in complementing the individual preventive measures to face the pandemic has become vital, and vaccination coverage is regarded as critical for maintaining efficient public health measures [2]. With the initiation of vaccination programs at the country level, several issues related to vaccines’ acceptability, effectiveness, and safety have become the focus of community concerns [4]. A significant difference in the efficiency of vaccination programs in terms of coverage of eligible communities and addressing vaccine hesitancy concerns have been reported [5]. Communication, media coverage, and the attitude towards prevention have been reported as primary factors that affect vaccine hesitancy [8]
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