Abstract
Background: The Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP), 2004 addresses disaster preparedness, disease surveillance, disease data to respond to epidemics. The 12th Five Year Plan envisages disease surveillance for district-level laboratories and epidemic-centric diagnostic centers in consultation with the National Informatics Centers (NIC) and Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). Objectives: These health policies need a critical appraisal in the COVID-19 pandemic and disaster preparedness in India’s system. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoH&FW) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) pandemic cum disaster mitigation strategy analysed from risk mitigation to public health emergency in disaster management. The three-tier network labs and diagnostic centers, disease surveillance and disaster preparedness examined critically in the context of Disaster Management Act (DMA), 2005. Methodology: The methodology of the study derives from European disaster management response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) India Chapter and National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) disaster management strategies utilized as model for the epidemic and pandemic control. The SIR epidemiological model for the COVID-19 mortality applied in the emergency paradigm of health care system in COVID-19 pandemic. Results: COVID-19 pandemic and disaster preparedness in India revolves around the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860 and Epidemic Diseases Act (EDA), 1897 Disaster Management Act (DMA), 2005, and Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020. The sordid and wise experiences for the Disaster Management and COVID-19 pandemic culminate into 5 Ps Disaster Management adopted by India.5 It spells out the proof of concept with social experiment, proactive approach, people management, partnership, preparation, and collaboration. Conclusion: The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) assumes a pivotal role in controlling the infection and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic under the WHO Guideline of the disaster management cycle having a multi-component approach. The COVID-19 pandemic and disaster preparedness in India’s health system moved from risk mitigation to public health emergency in disaster management. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(5) 2021 p.41-48
Highlights
The COVID-19 pandemic in India was recognized as a disaster under Disaster Management Act, 2005, besides the clamping Epidemic Disease Act, 1897, during the national lockdown period
The sordid and wise experiences for the Disaster Management and COVID-19 pandemic culminate into 5 Ps Disaster Management adopted by India.[5]
COVID-19 Pandemic & Disaster Management: The COVID-19 pandemic and disaster management is underpinned in the holistic framework of Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP), 2004 to detect and respond to disease and epidemics.[13]
Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic in India was recognized as a disaster under Disaster Management Act, 2005, besides the clamping Epidemic Disease Act, 1897, during the national lockdown period. The 12th Five Year Plan envisages disease surveillance and preparedness for district-level laboratories and epidemic-centric diagnostic centers.[2] The National Informatics Centers (NIC) and Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) undertake surveillance through information technology at the country’s district level. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) assumes a pivotal role in controlling the infection and spread of disease.[4] The unprecedented clamping of Disaster Management Act, 2005 to manage the COVID-19 pandemic in India needs a constitutional and legal examination from the public health administration. The 12th Five Year Plan envisages disease surveillance for district-level laboratories and epidemic-centric diagnostic centers in consultation with the National Informatics Centers (NIC) and Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).
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