COVID-19 infection impact on cardiovascular and thrombotic events during acute phase and medium-term of the disease

Abstract

BackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) was labelled a global pandemic in April 2020 by the World Health Organisation. By December of the same year the disease caused by SARS-COV-2, known as COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019), had spread over 200 countries, infecting more than 70 million people, causing more that 1.5 million of deaths.Recent studies suggest SARS-CoV-2 infection may be related to cardiovascular and thrombotic events although the strength of association remains unclear.AimsEvaluate the emergence of cardiovascular and thrombotic events (such as major acute cardiovascular events, ictus and other thrombosis) in the acute moment and in medium-term follow-up in COVID-19 patients.MethodsSingle-Center, retrospective, observational study of cohorts based on all the inhabitants of the health area. Survival analysis of main outcomes (mortality, heart failure [HF], and major acute cardiovascular events – MACE - [a composite of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction and stroke]) were adjusted by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsOf the total population studied, 447,979 inhabitants, 1,030 (0.23%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, of which 14,8% were smokers, 31,2% had high blood pressure (HTA), 12,8% had diabetes, 29,2% had dyslipidaemia, 2,7% had peripheral artery disease, 4,7% had ischemic heart disease, 3,3% had had a previous transient ischemic attack, 10% were in anti-aggregation treatment and 5,8% were in anticoagulation treatment at the time of diagnosis. Concerning the analytics middle values, the group treated with ACEI/ARAB had higher troponins and ferritin than the group without ACEI/ARAB treatment, whereas higher reactive C protein and D-dimer were found in this last group. The main results showed that COVID-19 infection had no effect regarding to cardiovascular and thrombotic disease on mortality (OR: 1.64, 95% CI 0.98 2.76, p=0.062), heart failure (OR: 0.98, 95% CI 0.53 1.79, p=0.942), thrombotic events (OR: 1.02, 95% CI 0.22 4.83, p=0.98) and major acute cardiovascular events (OR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.48 1.60, p=0.665).ConclusionsIn conclusion, COVID-19 infection had no effect on the emergence of cardiovascular or thrombotic events taking into account the 6-month prognosis, defined as mortality, heart failure, or major acute cardiovascular events.FUNDunding AcknowledgementType of funding sources: None.