Abstract
BackgroundCovid-19 in Mexico is on the rise in different parts of the country. We aimed to study the symptoms and comorbidities that associate with this pandemic in 3 different regions of Mexico.MethodsWe analyzed data from SARS-CoV-2 positive patients evaluated at healthcare centers and hospitals of Mexico (n = 1607) including Northwest Mexico (Sinaloa state), Southeast Mexico (Veracruz state) and West Mexico (Jalisco state) between March 1 and July 30, 2020. Mexico consists of a total population that exceeds 128 million. Demographics, comorbidities and clinical symptoms were collected. Statistical descriptive analysis and correlation analyses of symptoms, comorbidities and mortality were performed.ResultsA total of 1607 hospitalized patients positive for COVID-19 across all 3 regions of Mexico were included. The average age was 54.6 years and 60.4% were male. A mortality rate of 33.1% was observed. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (43.2%), obesity (30.3%) and diabetes (31.4%). Hypertension was more frequent in West (45%), followed by Northwest (37%) and Southeast Mexico (29%). Obesity was around 30% in Northwest and West whereas an 18% was reported in Southeast. Diabetes was most common in West (34%) followed by Northwest (22%) and Southeast (13%). This might be related to the highest mortality rate in Northwest (31%) and West (37%) when compared to Southeast. Most common symptoms in our overall cohort were fever (80.8%), cough (79.8%), headache (66%), dyspnea (71.1%), myalgia (53.8%), joints pain (50.8%) and odynophagia (34.8%). Diarrhea was the main gastrointestinal (GI) symptom (21.3%), followed by abdominal pain (18%), and nausea/ vomiting (4.5%). Diarrhea and abdominal pain were more common in West (23.1 and 21%), followed by Southeast (17.8, and 9.8%) and Northwest (11.4 and 3.1%).ConclusionOur study showed a high mortality rate likely related to high frequencies of comorbidities (hypertension, obesity and diabetes). Mortality was different across regions. These discrepancies might be related to the differences in the frequencies of comorbidities, and partially attributed to differences in socio-economic conditions and quality of care. Thus, our findings stress the need for improved strategies to get better outcomes in our population.
Highlights
Covid-19 in Mexico is on the rise in different parts of the country
High mortality in hospitalized patients in Mexico To determine if COVID-19 outcome in Mexico was as reported worldwide, the study population from Northwest, West and Southeast regions was analyzed
As for mortality rate, the prevalence of these comorbidities was higher than previously reported by Giannouchos et al (I think we should eliminate this and refrain to make any discussion and/or comparison of the results with other references in the results section). in a large cohort of 87,756 COVID-19 patients from Mexico (20.5% for hypertension, 20.9% for obesity and 17.5% for diabetes) [12]
Summary
We aimed to study the symptoms and comorbidities that associate with this pandemic in 3 different regions of Mexico. Evidence supports that human host genetics contribute to the onset of several chronic diseases, including those of infectious nature [6]. This is important in populations with heterogenic heritage such as Mexico, which has an admixture genome [7] differentially distributed across the country [8]. The study of possible differences in the distribution of COVID-19related symptoms and comorbidities in distinct regions of Mexico and their effect on disease outcomes need to be evaluated
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