Abstract
The aims of the current study were to identify factors associated with sleep disturbance and Coronavirus disease-19 related psychological distress (CPD), and to develop a conceptual model to verify the mediating effect of CPD on the association between social impact and sleep disturbance. This study recruited patients with schizophrenia. Factors associated with the level of sleep disturbance and CPD were identified using univariate linear regression, and further selected into a stepwise multivariate linear regression model. Using structural equation modeling, a mediation model was developed to test the mediating effect of CPD on the association between social impact and sleep disturbance. After estimating with the stepwise and bootstrap regression, higher levels of CPD were associated with higher levels of social anxiety and subjects without a regular diet. Sleep disturbance was associated with a higher level of social anxiety, a history of psychological trauma, chronic disease, and those who did not smoke. The final model confirmed the mediating effects of CPD; whereas, the direct effect from social impact to sleep disturbance did not reach statistical significance. The current study manifests the crucial role of CPD on the association between social impact and sleep disturbance, and timely intervention for CPD is warranted.
Highlights
The aims of the current study were to identify factors associated with sleep disturbance and Coronavirus disease-19 related psychological distress (CPD), and to develop a conceptual model to verify the mediating effect of CPD on the association between social impact and sleep disturbance
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively identify the predictors of the level of COVID-related psychological distress and sleep disturbance among patients with schizophrenia, as well as the first to develop a conceptual model to confirm the mediating effect of COVID-related psychological distress
After verifying the findings by stepwise and bootstrap regression, the present study reported that a higher level of COVID-related psychological distress was associated with a higher level of social anxiety and subjects without a regular diet
Summary
The aims of the current study were to identify factors associated with sleep disturbance and Coronavirus disease-19 related psychological distress (CPD), and to develop a conceptual model to verify the mediating effect of CPD on the association between social impact and sleep disturbance. Sleep disturbance was associated with a higher level of social anxiety, a history of psychological trauma, chronic disease, and those who did not smoke. Another study with large Spanish sample manifested the problem of sleep disturbance during pandemic, where it was associated with depression, anxiety, and distress[11]. This psychological burden caused by COVID-19 has been reported by patients with mental illness, including schizophrenia. The Taiwan CDC declared a series of strategies for inpatients, including forced wearing a mask, taking body temperatures, and limitation for visitors in hospital
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