Abstract

Since the pandemic started, various clinical trials have been going on to develop COVID vaccines. Vaccines which have passed the clinical trials include live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, virus like particles vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. There are several vaccines in phase III and IV trials, and more than ten vaccines have been approved or authorized. Most of these vaccines are efficacious and safe. However, there are various pros and cons of these vaccines. This review explains how these vaccines have been developed, their mechanism of action, advantages, and disadvantages of these vaccines, along with costing and post vaccination challenges. Keywords: Covid-19 vaccines, efficacy, safety, post-vaccination challenges.

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