Abstract
We provide a brief review of the significance of platelets, mitochondria, vitamin D, serotonin, and the gut microbiome in COVID-19. We hypothesize that hyperactive platelets and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as low vitamin D level, gut dysbiosis, and increased serum serotonin produced by enterochromaffin cells, may all represent important aspects in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
Highlights
In December 2019, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China
We hypothesize that hyperactive platelets and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as low vitamin D level, gut dysbiosis, and increased serum serotonin produced by enterochromaffin cells, may all represent important aspects in the pathophysiology of COVID-19
This study suggested that SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNA transcripts could be enriched in the host mitochondrial matrix and nucleolus
Summary
In December 2019, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China. Of this article, we first give a short overview of COVID-19 and the significance of the ACE2 receptors as well as the cytokine storm in this disease This is followed by sections on the importance of platelets, mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased vitamin D levels, microbiome (intestinal dysbiosis), and serotonin. Each of these sections is divided into a general part and a part addressing the relationship with the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pathophysiological hypotheses are formulated and possible therapeutic interventions are discussed
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