COVID-19 Pandemic: Different Associative Relationships of City Lockdown With Preterm Births in Three Cities - An Ecological Study.

Chuanzhong Yang,Belal Alshaikh,Po-Yin Cheung

doi:10.3389/fped.2021.644771

Abstract

In 2020, the global spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (also known as COVID-19) has led to pandemic health issues with significant changes in individual and community practices. Preterm birth could be one of the risks in pregnant mothers who are infected by the SARS-CoV-2. Preterm births contribute upto 10% of all births and incur significant impact on the child health and cost to the health care system. However, the association of city lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic with the rate of preterm births is unclear. In a cohort study, we examined the association of city lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic with the births at different gestations in three different cities. Compared with the pre-pandemic epoch, the associative relationships ranged from a decrease in all births, all births across all preterm gestations and to preterm births in moderately and late preterm gestations. We concluded that there were variable associative relationships of city lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic with preterm births. This could be related to the differences in health, societal and cultural factors, which will inspire further studies in this area.

Highlights

In 2020, the global spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has led to pandemic health issues with significant changes in individual and community practices
We found that the pattern of reduction in preterm births was different between Edmonton and Calgary in Alberta, both showed a significant reduction in the number of preterm births, when compared with the corresponding pre-pandemic epochs in 2019 (Table 1)
There are few reports that investigated the association between adverse birth outcomes and city lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic period

Summary

Introduction

In 2020, the global spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection ( known as COVID-19) has led to pandemic health issues with significant changes in individual and community practices. The association of city lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic on the rate of preterm births is controversial. Handley et al recently reported the birth outcomes before and during pandemic period of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in two Philadelphia Hospitals [2]. They did not detect significant changes in preterm or stillbirth rates during the COVID-19 pandemic in a racially diverse urban cohort. Of note, it was uncertain if there were significant reductions in the community activities in the metropolitan city. We speculated different phenomenon would be observed in these cities

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