Abstract
Vaccines are needed to protect from SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Vaccines that induce large quantities of high affinity virus-neutralizing antibodies may optimally prevent infection and avoid unfavorable effects. Vaccination trials require precise clinical management, complemented with detailed evaluation of safety and immune responses. Here, we review the pros and cons of available vaccine platforms and options to accelerate vaccine development towards the safe immunization of the world’s population against SARS-CoV-2. Favorable vaccines, used in well-designed vaccination strategies, may be critical for limiting harm and promoting trust and a long-term return to normal public life and economy.
Highlights
The COVID-19 pandemic holds great challenges for which the world is only partially prepared [1].SARS-CoV-2 combines serious pathogenicity with high infectivity
We focus on the development and validation of precision serology to support preclinical and clinical evaluation of vaccine candidates and research on immune responses induced by natural infection
Specific antibodies against receptor binding domain (RBD) and fusion peptide (FP) can neutralize SARSSpecific antibodies against RBD and FP can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 N-terminal domain (NTD)/CTD, N-/C-terminal domains
Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic holds great challenges for which the world is only partially prepared [1]. Additional outbreaks are expected when the safety established experience will accelerate the development and use of vaccines, allowing us measures previously are abandoned (Figure 1A) It may take significantly longer than one year until the majority to reach herd immunity more rapidly (Figure 1B). Not shown is the most favored scenario in which the population is earlier provided one is prepared, i.e., has ample experience with this family of pathogens, enabling previously vaccinated against a given pathogen, precluding viral spread, which is the case rapid vaccine development and production This was not the case for SARS-CoV-2. In case of future outbreaks of newly emerging microbes belonging to well-studied pathogen families, previously established experience will accelerate the development and use of vaccines, allowing us to reach herd immunity more rapidly (Figure 1B). Probably more than ever, the world depends on rational effective strategies built on robust scientific evidence
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