Abstract
COVID-19 is an emerging disease mainly associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). This disease causes a cytokine storm release in response to viral infection, and can lead to several systemic complications. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of these complications and renal replacement therapy may be necessary for the infected patient. In this context, renal-transplanted recipients (RTR) and patients with chronic kidney diseases are in the risk groups for COVID-19 due to their increased inflammatory state and endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, maintenance immunosuppressive therapy in RTR can also be another complicating factor, since it influences the response from the immune system against pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. However, it is believed that the worst outcomes of COVID-19 are mainly caused by an exaggerated inflammatory response than to the direct virus action; therefore, in a hyper-inflammatory state, immunosuppression therapy could be beneficial. This narrative review aims to present the main clinical and laboratory findings of 22 studies involving RTR affected by COVID-19. This review can contribute to the management of COVID-19 and its consequences in this risk group.
Highlights
The etiologic agent, isolated from airway epithelial cells of patients with unusual pneumonia was named Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), formerly called HCoV19, and the disease was designated as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal-transplanted recipients (RTR) are more susceptible to COVID-19 poor outcomes than other individuals without renal disease
These variables have already been described as higher risk factors to develop clinical severity in patients with COVID-19.7 It is important to mention that the comparative analysis for all RTR (N = 167) was not possible due to the absence of individual data for the RTR in several studies
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a new pandemic in March 2020, which started on December 12th, 2019, in Wuhan, an important trade center in China. The etiologic agent, isolated from airway epithelial cells of patients with unusual pneumonia was named Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), formerly called HCoV19, and the disease was designated as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The etiologic agent, isolated from airway epithelial cells of patients with unusual pneumonia was named Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), formerly called HCoV19, and the disease was designated as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus mainly affects the respiratory systems and can be related to fatal pneumonia. It affects gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. The amount of COVID-19 cases has increased exponentially, and the infection has spread rapidly around the world, appearing to be more contagious, but less fatal than Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), the coronavirus that caused another pandemic in the past.. Preventive measures of social isolation and educative practices have been set up to prevent a collapse of health care centers around the world.
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