Abstract

Abstract Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19)’s devastating effects on the physical and mental health of the public are unlike previous medical crises, in part because of people’s collective access to communication technologies. Unfortunately, a clear understanding of the diffusion of health information on social media is lacking, which has a potentially negative impact on the effectiveness of emergency communication. This study applied social network analysis approaches to examine patterns of #COVID19 information flow on Twitter. A total of 1,404,496 publicly available tweets from 946,940 U.S. users were retrieved and analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the structures of retweet and mention networks and identification of influential users: information sources, disseminators, and brokers. Overall, COVID-19 information was not transmitted efficiently. Findings pointed to the importance of fostering connections between clusters to promote the diffusion in both networks. Lots of localized clusters limited the spread of timely information, causing difficulty in establishing any momentum in shaping urgent public actions. Rather than health and communication professionals, there was dominant involvement of non-professional users responsible for major COVID-19 information generation and dissemination, suggesting a lack of credibility and accuracy in the information. Inadequate influence of health officials and government agencies in brokering information contributed to concerns about the spread of dis/misinformation to the public. Significant differences in the type of influential users existed across roles and across networks. Conceptual and practical implications for emergency communication strategies are discussed.

Highlights

  • COVID-19’s devastating effects on the physical and mental health of the public are unlike previous medical crises

  • We retrieved all publicly available tweets and user information from April 13, 2020, 08:00:00 AM, to April 16, 2020, 07:59:59 AM, GMT (UTC +0), using the Twitter API with the query “contains: #COVID19 and country code: USA and language: English.”. This time period was chosen because the U.S became the nation with the highest number of deaths due to COVID-19 on April 12 and it was predicted the highest U.S daily death rate would occur on April 15

  • This study examined the COVID-19 communication network on Twitter to provide insights about health information flow among Americans during a pandemic

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Summary

Introduction

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19)’s devastating effects on the physical and mental health of the public are unlike previous medical crises, in part because of people’s collective access to communication technologies. A clear understanding of the diffusion of health information on social media is lacking, which has a potentially negative impact on the effectiveness of emergency communication. Providing up-to-date, accurate information, deli­ vering key messages timely to the public, and controlling the spread of dis/misinformation can play a crucial role in managing epidemics (Homeland Security Council (US), 2006; World Health Organization, 2009; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014; Department of Homeland Security, 2018). COVID-19’s devastating effects on the physical and mental health of the public are unlike previous medical crises, COVID-19 Twitter Network in part because of people’s collective access to communication technologies. The use of the hashtag on Twitter indicates self-association of a user with an issue (Gruzd et al, 2011; Gleason, 2013)

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