Abstract
The aim of this paper is the imputation of missing data of COVID-19 hospitalized and intensive care curves in several Spanish regions. Taking into account that the curves of cases, deceases and recovered people are completely observed, a function-on-function regression model is proposed to estimate the missing values of the functional responses associated with hospitalized and intensive care curves. The estimation of the functional coefficient model in terms of principal components’ regression with the completely observed data provides a prediction equation for the imputation of the unobserved data for the response. An application with data from the first wave of COVID-19 in Spain is developed after properly homogenizing, registering and smoothing the data in a common interval so that the observed curves become comparable. Finally, Canonical Correlation Analysis is performed on the functional principal components to interpret the relationship between hospital occupancy rate and illness response variables.
Highlights
Mathematics 2021, 9, 1237. https://The virus SARS-CoV-2 has been the main global concern ever since its start, at the end of 2019 in China
To obtain some idea of extremely negative impact of the pandemic, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has caused a total of 2,780,266 deaths over the planet as of 28 March 2021, according to the real-time database developed by Johns
Functional Data Analysis (FDA) is a modern branch of statistics that aims to analyse the information coming from curves or functions that evolve over time, space or other continuous arguments
Summary
The virus SARS-CoV-2 has been the main global concern ever since its start, at the end of 2019 in China. FDA is a modern branch of statistics that aims to analyse the information coming from curves or functions that evolve over time, space or other continuous arguments Under this definition, it is clear that the number of COVID-19 positive, recovered, deceased, hospitalized and intensive care cases come from the observation of functional variables. The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain occurred between 2 February and 27 April 2020 In those early days of the pandemic, Spanish authorities published daily and accumulated data of the evolution of the pandemic in Spain, based on the information communicated by the different ACs. the data, published daily, correspond to the following variables: number of confirmed (positive) cases, hospitalized people, people in intensive care units (ICUs), recovered people and deceased persons.
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