COVID-19 and recurrent respiratory infections in children of Kazakhstan

Abstract

The study goal was to investigate the COVID-19 clinical course in children with recurrent respiratory infections (RRI) in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. Material and Methods — we conducted the retrospective analysis of 94 children with RRI, diagnosed with COVID-19, in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. The study involved 53 males and 41 females. The inclusion criterion for the study was the frequency of RRI at least six times per year. In the course of our study, we split the patients among three groups and identified two phenotypes. These groups included children with RRI and atopic phenotype (Group 1), with D-deficiency phenotype (Group 2), and control group (Group 3) encompassing children with RRI lacking these phenotypes. Results — The most common symptoms of 94 pediatric patients were dry cough (94.7%), fever (81.9%), along with a loss of appetite and fatigue (76.6%). Malaise was observed in 74.5% cases, rhinorrhea was noted in 71.2% of patients, sore throat was detected in 64.9 % of children, and dyspnea was established in 45.7% of cases. We observed no statistical differences in clinical manifestations of COVID-19 among three groups of children. However, duration of hospitalization period, of fever, and of the catarrhal period differed significantly among the groups (р<0.001). Conclusion — In children with RRI and vitamin D deficiency, who were diagnosed with COVID-19, the course of the infection was unfavorable (which was confirmed by a longer hospital stay and catarrhal period), and a more severe intoxication syndrome was observed. In the group of children with atopic phenotype, a prolonged residual cough was detected.